OLCreate: Fleming Fund CC 2025 Whole genome sequencing in AMR surveillance: Figure 3 Percentage of different AMR genes detected in ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolates from three sources: humans (blue), cattle (orange), and abattoir environments (dark green) in Nigeria (Aworh et al., 2022). Each bar represents the total number of isolates carrying a specific resistance gene (named under each bar), grouped by antimicrobial class. The data was generated using WGS, enabling detailed comparison of gene distribution across the human-animal-environment interface (Nilsson, 2025).

Whole genome sequencing in AMR surveillance (2025)

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Figure 3 Percentage of different AMR genes detected in ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolates from three sources: humans (blue), cattle (orange), and abattoir environments (dark green) in Nigeria (Aworh et al., 2022). Each bar represents the total number of isolates carrying a specific resistance gene (named under each bar), grouped by antimicrobial class. The data was generated using WGS, enabling detailed comparison of gene distribution across the human-animal-environment interface (Nilsson, 2025).

2.2 How can WGS surveillance supplement phenotypic surveillance?

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Whole genome sequencing in AMR surveillance (2025)