7 Summary

Bacteria are micro-organisms that can cause diseases in humans, animals and plants. Hygiene measures such as handwashing and water sanitation are important in the prevention of bacterial infections. Antibiotics can be used to treat a bacterial infection. Antibiotics are sometimes referred to as ‘magic bullets’ that kill the infection but keep the patient alive. Antibiotics have played an important role in the treatment of bacterial infections, but also have supported modern human and veterinary medicine in different ways. For example, prophylactic use of antibiotics in surgery reduces the risk of infection. Antibiotics also have a role in food production by keeping plants and food-producing animals healthy.

However, due to resistance that develops in bacteria, antibiotics are becoming less effective in treating bacterial infections. Development of resistance is a naturally occurring process, but due to increased antimicrobial use in human and animal health, we have selected for resistant bacteria. The resistant bacteria can spread directly between humans, between animals and humans, and in some cases via the environment.

The increase in AMR is a serious threat to global health. The global response to fight the problem of AMR includes several activities in the framework of the Global Action Plan on AMR, which uses a One Health approach.

Now that you have completed this module, consider the following questions:

• What is the single most important lesson that you have taken away from this module?
• How relevant is it to your work?
• Can you suggest ways in which this new knowledge can benefit your practice?

When you have reflected on these, go to your reflective blog [Tip: hold Ctrl and click a link to open it in a new tab. (Hide tip)]   and note down your thoughts.