6 Summary

In this module you have learned how and why antimicrobials are used in animals. You have investigated how animals can become infected with or carry resistant bacteria and ARGs, which can spread and be transmitted to other parts of a food-producing system, including humans and the environment.

You have explored the consequences of AMR for animals, humans and the environment. You have been introduced to three types of data needed to address the AMR challenge. Throughout the module you have had opportunities to reflect on AMR in an animal industry setting relevant to you.

You should now be able to:

• describe the ways in which antimicrobials are used in animals
• describe the main mechanisms by which AMR in animal production systems may influence the occurrence of resistance in human pathogens, and other routes influencing the occurrence of resistant bacteria in animals and the environment
• explain the consequences of resistant bacteria in animals for animal health, food production and human health
• explain why monitoring AMR in food animal systems (including samples from healthy animals) is critical for tackling the AMR crisis
• illustrate the links between animal health, human health and the environment in animal production systems in relation to AMR
• apply scientific terminology related to AMR when explaining your current work.

Now that you have completed this module, consider the following questions:

• What is the single most important lesson that you have taken away from this module?
• How relevant is it to your work?
• Can you suggest ways in which this new knowledge can benefit your practice?

When you have reflected on these, go to your reflective blog [Tip: hold Ctrl and click a link to open it in a new tab. (Hide tip)]   and note down your thoughts.