Acknowledgements

This free course was collaboratively written by Sarah Palmer and Liz Sheridan, and was reviewed by Priya Khanna, Skye Badger, Claire Gordon, Natalie Moyen and Hilary MacQueen.

Except for third party materials and otherwise stated (see terms and conditions), this content is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Licence.

The material acknowledged below is Proprietary and used under licence (not subject to Creative Commons Licence). Grateful acknowledgement is made to the following sources for permission to reproduce material in this free course:

Images

Module image: © funtap/123RF

Figure 1: EYE OF SCIENCE/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY

Figure 2: The Open University

Figure 3: Liz Sheridan

Figures 4 and 5: Liz Sheridan

Figure 6: © Anant Kasetsinsombut/123 Royalty Free

Figure 7: Liz Sheridan

Figure 8: EYE OF SCIENCE/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY

Figures 9, 10, 11 and 12: Liz Sheridan

Figures 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18: Liz Sheridan

Figure 19: © ECDC. Dataset provided by ECDC based on data provided by WHO and Ministries of Health from the affected countries

Figure 20: EFSA and ECDC (European Food Safety Authority and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control), 2021. The European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2018/2019. EFSA Journal 2021;19(4):6490, 179 pp. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6490. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives Licence http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/

Figure 21: Bonomo, R.A., Burd, E.M., Conly, J., Limbago, B.M., Poirel, L., Segre, J.A. and Westblade, L.F. (2018) 'Carbapenemase-Producing Organisms: A Global Scourge', Clinical Infectious Diseases, Vol. 66, Issue 8, 15 April 2018, Pages 1290–1297. Oxford University Press.

Figure 22: Li, J. et al. (2019) Inter-host Transmission of Carbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli among Humans and Backyard Animals, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 127, No. 10, https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5251

Videos

Video 1: Liz Sheridan

Tables

Table 1: With kind permission of Prof Peter Hawkey, personal communication, University of Birmingham

Table 5: European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) (2021) ‘Clinical breakpoints – bacteria’, EUCAST.

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