Acknowledgements

This free course was collaboratively written by Melanie Bannister-Tyrrell, Skye Badger and Clare Sansom, and reviewed by Siddharth Mookerjee, Claire Gordon, Natalie Moyen, Peter Taylor and Hilary MacQueen.

Except for third party materials and otherwise stated (see terms and conditions), this content is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Licence.

The material acknowledged below is Proprietary and used under licence (not subject to Creative Commons Licence). Grateful acknowledgement is made to the following sources for permission to reproduce material in this free course:

Images

Course Image: NosorogUA/Shutterstock

Figure 1: Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care (ACSQHC). AURA 2019: third Australian report on antimicrobial use and resistance in human health. Sydney: ACSQHC; 2019.

Figure 2: Markwart, R., Willrich, N., Haller, S. et al. (2019) The rise in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in Germany: data from the German Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (ARS). Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 8, 147 (2019) https://doi.org/ 10.1186/ s13756-019-0594-3 [Tip: hold Ctrl and click a link to open it in a new tab. (Hide tip)] . This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0), https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/ by/ 4.0/

Figure 3: Ausvet Pty Ltd

Figure 4: Smith, P. (2008) Antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture, Revue Scientifique et Technique, 2008, 27 (1), 243-264

Figure 5: Pompilio, A., Savini, V., Fiscarelli, E., Gherardi, G., Di Bonaventura, G. (2020) Clonal Diversity, Biofilm Formation, and Antimicrobial Resistance among Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Strains from Cystic Fibrosis and Non-Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Antibiotics 2020, 9, 15. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/ antibiotics9010015 . An open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/ by/ 4.0/

Figure 6: Pompilio, A., Savini, V., Fiscarelli, E., Gherardi, G., Di Bonaventura, G. (2020) Clonal Diversity, Biofilm Formation, and Antimicrobial Resistance among Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Strains from Cystic Fibrosis and Non-Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Antibiotics 2020, 9, 15. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/ antibiotics9010015 . An open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/ by/ 4.0/

Figure 10: Global antimicrobial resistance surveillance system (GLASS) report: early implementation 2017-2018. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. This file is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO) license, https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/ by-nc-sa/ 3.0/ igo/

Figure 11: DANMAP 2019 - Use of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from food animals, food and humans in Denmark. ISSN 1600-2032

Figure 12: Ausvet Pty Ltd

Figure 13: Global antimicrobial resistance surveillance system (GLASS) report: early implementation 2017-2018. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. This file is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO) license, https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/ by-nc-sa/ 3.0/ igo/

Figures 14–16: Food and Drug Administration (FDA). NARMS Now. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Available from URL: https://www.fda.gov/ animal-veterinary/ national-antimicrobial-resistance-monitoring-system/ narms-now-integrated-data. Accessed 05/11/2021.

Figure 17: © 2021 Mapbox © OpenStreetMap

Figures 18–21: Food and Drug Administration (FDA). NARMS Now. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Available from URL: https://www.fda.gov/ animal-veterinary/ national-antimicrobial-resistance-monitoring-system/ narms-now-integrated-data. Accessed 05/11/2021.

Quiz Question 4: Food and Drug Administration (FDA). NARMS Now. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Available from URL: https://www.fda.gov/ animal-veterinary/ national-antimicrobial-resistance-monitoring-system/ narms-now-integrated-data. Accessed 05/19/2021.

Tables

Table 1: Ausvet Pty Ltd

Table 2: Ausvet Pty Ltd

Table 3: Data source: Gadzhanova S, Roughead E. Analysis of 2013–2017 Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) data for the National Report on Antimicrobial Use and Resistance

Tables 5–13: Ausvet Pty Ltd

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