4 Complementary initiatives for antimicrobial stewardship in animals
Using antimicrobials to treat infections is just one part of animal health. Good husbandry, hygiene, biosecurity (Figure 9), and the use of non-antimicrobial treatment alternatives (e.g. vaccinations) reduce the disease burden on farms and the need for antimicrobials.
As animal production rapidly expands and intensifies in LMICs, education about alternative measures to prevent and treat infectious diseases suited to the local context is needed.

3.5 The five principles (5 Rs) of antimicrobial stewardship in animal health