9.1.1 The tricycle protocol

Global Tricycle Surveillance logo

The Tricycle protocol (WHO, 2021) targets monitoring one indicator, the ESBL-producing E. coli across the human, animal and environmental sectors. The protocol includes standard methodologies in the human, food chain and environmental sectors to be implemented in low-resource settings to facilitate the establishment of the integrated multisectoral surveillance on AMR. It:

  • provides a common, simplified and integrated multisectoral surveillance system designed to detect and estimate, the prevalence/quantity of ESBL-producing E. coli in three key sectors
  • supports and expands national integrated surveillance systems for AMR
  • allows for the detection of trends in the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in each of the three sectors and, over time, will enable assessment of the effect of interventions implemented to control AMR.

9.1 WHO

9.2 FAO