A rare but serious neurological illness which is normally due to inflammation of the spinal cord.

The official government agency tasked with safeguarding animal and plant health for the benefit of people, the environment and the economy in the UK.

Refers to infectious microbes that have acquired the ability to survive exposures to clinically-relevant concentrations of antimicrobial drugs that would kill otherwise sensitive organisms of the same strain. The phrase is also used to describe any pathogen that is less susceptible than its counterparts to a specific antimicrobial compound (or combination of both).

AMR surveillance programme hosted within the Philippine Department of Health, which uses laboratory-based methods to track antimicrobial resistance.

A microbiological test to determine whether bacteria are susceptible or resistant to an antibiotic.

In medicine, a disease is considered asymptomatic if a patient is a carrier for a disease or infection but experiences no symptoms. A medical condition might be asymptomatic if it fails to show the noticeable symptoms with which it is usually associated.

TSE in cattle.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the USA.

An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is the most well-known of the human TSEs.

European Food and Safety Authority.

A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.

The branch of medicine which deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health.

A unique economic and political union between 27 European countries. The predecessor of the EU was created in the aftermath of the Second World War. The first steps were to foster economic cooperation: the idea being that countries that trade with one another become economically interdependent and so more likely to avoid conflict.

A general term for a severe infectious illness, sometimes associated with bleeding, that is caused by one of a number of viruses.

The national Health protection unit in Ireland.

ICD-O is the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology.

Refers to the number of individuals who develop a specific disease or experience a specific health-related event during a particular time period.

An organism (virus, bacteria, fungus or protozoan) that is capable of producing infection or infectious disease.

The Japanese Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (JVARM) is a nationwide monitoring of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the animal area, conducted by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries since 1999 through its network with livestock hygiene service centres across Japan.

It is a national surveillance program organised by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) of Japan designed to provide basic information on the incidence and prevalence of nosocomial infections and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in Japanese medical settings.

Based on the World Bank list of analytical income classification of economies.

The science of structure and form of organisms without regard to function.

The National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS) is a laboratory-based system that monitors temporal and geographic circulation patterns (patterns occurring in time and place) of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), respiratory adenoviruses, human coronavirus, rotavirus, and norovirus. In this surveillance system, participating U.S. laboratories voluntarily report weekly to CDC the total number of weekly aggregate tests performed to detect these viruses and the weekly aggregate positive tests. They also report the specimen type, location and week of collection. NREVSS allows for timely analysis of data to monitor viral seasons and circulation patterns.

The NVAL is responsible for assuring the quality, efficacy and safety of VMPs, quasi-drugs, medical devices and Regenerative, Cellular therapy and Gene therapy products in Japan.

National Cancer Registry Program in India.

Pathology is the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury. The word pathology also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices.

Poliomyelitis, commonly shortened to polio, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. In about 0.5 percent of cases, it moves from the gut to affect the central nervous system and there is muscle weakness resulting in a flaccid paralysis.

Prevalence is the proportion of a population who have a specific characteristic, for example a disease, in a given time period.

Viral respiratory infections (VRIs) include colds, the flu and bronchiolitis. Respiratory means something that affects the lungs and airways (breathing passages). VRIs may cause coughing, sneezing, runny noses, sore throats or fever. Viral means something that is caused by a virus.

A term used to indicate when a disease or infection peaks in correlation with a particular period of the calendar year. It is often also used to indicate when disease prevalence oscillates over time.

Legal requirement made of health facilities to gather and report disease incidence at a certain periodicity.

The official Civil registry platform in Thailand

TSE also known as prion diseases, are a group of rare degenerative brain disorders characterised by tiny holes that give the brain a "spongy" appearance.

Tumours are groups of abnormal cells that form lumps or growths. They can start in any one of the trillions of cells in our bodies. Tumours grow and behave differently, depending on whether they are cancerous (malignant), non-cancerous (benign) or precancerous.

WHONET is a free desktop Windows application for the management and analysis of microbiology laboratory data with a particular focus on antimicrobial resistance surveillance developed and supported by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance at the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts.

An agency of the United Nations, established in 1948, that is responsible for international public health. Its mandate includes advocating for universal healthcare, monitoring public health risks, coordinating responses to health emergencies, and promoting human health and wellbeing. It provides technical assistance to countries, sets international health standards and guidelines, and collects data on global health issues.