Acknowledgements

This free course was collaboratively written by Maria Garza and was reviewed by Lucy Brunton, Claire Gordon, Natalie Moyen, Peter Taylor and Hilary MacQueen. The course was reviewed and updated by Maria Garza Valles, Clare Sansom and Rachel McMullan in 2025.

Except for third party materials and otherwise stated (see terms and conditions), this content is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Licence.

The material acknowledged below is Proprietary and used under licence (not subject to Creative Commons Licence). Grateful acknowledgement is made to the following sources for permission to reproduce material in this free course:

Course image: © Peter Hermes Furian/123RF

Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4: Garza, M.

Figure 5: Swedres-Svarm 2019. Sales of antibiotics and occurrence of resistance in Sweden. Solna/Uppsala ISSN1650-6332

Figures 6, 7 and 8: DANMAP (2019) Use of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from food animals, food and humans in Denmark. ISSN 1600-2032.

An FAO report: FAO and Denmark Ministry of Environment and Food – Danish Veterinary and Food Administration. 2019. Tackling antimicrobial use and resistance in pig production: lessons learned from Denmark. Rome. 52 pp. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

Figures 10, 11 and 12: © The Open University

Figure 13: Surveillance design framework, https://survtools.org/wiki/surveillance-design-framework/doku.php, This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-ShareAlike Licence http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

An FAO report on monitoring and surveillance of AMR: FAO. 2019. Monitoring and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from healthy food animals intended for consumption. Regional Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and Surveillance Guidelines – Volume 1. Bangkok. This file is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO license (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo

A 12-point checklist for surveillance of diseases of aquatic organisms: a novel approach to assist multidisciplinary teams in developing countries: © 2021 Bondad-Reantaso, M. G. et al., Reviews in Aquaculture published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. 1This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use,distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

A case study: Drewe, J.A., Floyd, T. and Stärk, K.D.C. (2017) SERVAL: A generic framework for the evaluation of animal health surveillance, Version 1.3., 26 January 2017, available online at https://www.rvc.ac.uk/research/research-centres-and-facilities/veterinary-epidemiology-economics-and-public-health/projects/serval

Every effort has been made to contact copyright owners. If any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.