Understanding antibiotic resistance: Glossary

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Understanding antibiotic resistance

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B

Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus

Gram-negative bacteria that prey on other bacteria, attacking and killing them.

C

CTX-M-type ESBL

The most common class of extended spectrum β-lactamases worldwide that act against cephalosporins.

G

Gram staining

A cell-staining method used to visualise the composition of the bacterial cell wall and to identify and classify bacteria.

Gram-negative

Bacteria that do not retain crystal violet dye in the Gram-staining test.

Gram-positive

Bacteria with a thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall that is stained blue–purple by the Gram stain dye.

Greiss reaction

An analytical chemistry test that detects the presence of nitrites in a solution.

K

Kluyvera spp.

Non-pathogenic soil bacteria that are the source of CTX-M-type ESBLs.

O

OECD countries

Countries that are members of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.

R

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

A type of nucleic acid. Serves as an intermediate in the conversion of genetic information, encoded in DNA, into a protein.

A

acidification

The process of becoming more acidic.