6.3 Summary
None of the three models – national, federal or regional – can adequately capture the complexity of the multifaceted Europe of today. Each implies an exclusive distribution of power between the levels of territorial governance that is too simplistic.
We need to think in terms of qualitative changes in the relationships within and between the levels and see them as being linked in multi-layered structures of governance.
Such a complex multi-level governance system, with multiple identities and loyalties, may already be with us.