Carbon Monoxide

Carbon monoxide poisoning can be difficult to detect because it is a colourless and odourless gas. 

Symptoms can range from mild fatigue and headaches to dizziness, confusion, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness or even death.

Nitrogen dioxide

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a reddish-brown gas with a pungent acrid odour. It is heavier than air and, as a result, may accumulate closer to the ice surface in occupant breathing zones.

NO2 exposure can irritate the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs, potentially causing cough, shortness of breath, tiredness, and nausea. The effects of nitrogen dioxide exposure may be immediate or, in some cases, delayed by one to two days, depending on the level of exposure and an individual's susceptibility.

Long-term exposure to carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide has also been linked to respiratory and cardiovascular issues, particularly among vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing conditions.