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...astronomy and health. Links to the Digital Geology Kit appear at relevant points within this course. When you first access the tool you will be prompted to either sign in (if you are already an Open University student), or to register with you email address to create an account free of charge. This only takes a few minutes to do. Note that the interactive activities on...

...astronomy there is a rich tradition of building such models of the solar system (see Figure 8). The purpose of such a model, known as an orrery, is to represent the position of the planets relative to each other over time. The invention of the orrery is usually attributed to George Graham (1673–1751). Graham worked on this with the support of the 4th Earl of Orrery,...

...astronomy, which are usually linked to the scales in Figure 2: Biology and Earth Sciences, from animals, including humans, down to DNA chemistry on the scales of atoms and molecules astronomy for large-scale planets and stars physics for the rest. Nearly 50 years ago, Richard Feynman (Figure 3) gave a lecture on the subject ‘There’s plenty of room at the bottom’. In...

...astronomy was the geocentric model, which posited that the Earth was the centre of the universe. This theory, championed by ancient Greek philosophers like Aristotle and later refined by Ptolemy, served as the null hypothesis of its time. This belief persisted until the 16th century when Nicolaus Copernicus proposed a heliocentric model, suggesting that the Sun, not the...

...Astronomy catalogues are also available (for example NASA’s Night Sky Planner or In-The-Sky.org) to find out when and where Mars (or any other astronomical object) is visible. As humanity pushes its boundaries to beyond our own planet, Mars has become a primary target for exploration. In this course, you will learn more about some of these exploration efforts,...