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...work like Arnstein’s ‘ladder of participation’ and the World Health Organisation’s Alma Ata declaration, in which they declared that health systems should create opportunities for citizens to help shape decision about health-care, and that citizens should take them up. Volunteering suffers from similar definitional uncertainty but one excellent overview places it...

...social and environmental challenges. [Empathy tree memory box] Empathy Tree: a memory box (left) and bio-sensing jewellery (right). Photo by Bart van Overbeeke. The participants collaborated on a series of ‘prototypes’ to give a material shape to particular questions about the future. A prototype refers to an early version of an artefact that enables an examination of...

...social sciences. Cliodhna O’Connor describes how traditional gender stereotypes are projected onto scientific information and its subsequent reporting. But the dynamics of online spaces have also facilitated more nuanced debate about the social implications of research, and its potential to perpetuate inequalities...“Brain Study Confirms Gender Stereotypes”, “Why...

...Social Sciences Student Connections, Big Conversation. ...[illustration depicting public spending] In 2008, Western governments borrowed and spent billions bailing out banks to avoid the collapse of the global financial system. Since then, many of these governments have introduced austerity measures to reduce government debt. However, concern that cuts to welfare spending...