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...economic activity' that supports our modern industrialised lifestyle. Perhaps because we have been born into this 'civilisation', rather than chosen it, the depth of our dependence on its intricate, interlocking systems of supply is not so obvious. We expect our food to appear in shops, water to be on tap, sewage to disappear without thought or effort, power to come from...

...economic environment. The existing knowledge base of individuals and organisations will bias their perception of a problem and how it can be solved. The organisation may suffer from unconscious incompetence, not being aware of what it does not know. These two factors, environmental change and perception of the nature of the problem, increase the degree of uncertainty that...

...economic scenario of possible population, global domestic product (GDP), energy usage and sources, and so on. This scenario is then translated into a set of: a.greenhouse gas concentrations b.air pollutant concentrations (such as industrial sulfates) c.changes in land use (e.g. conversion of forest to cropland). These are then used by climate models to predict future...

...economic circumstances and behaviour of cases, and the impact of interventions on subsequent disease rates. The insistence on evidence led to the gradual development of a new academic discipline – epidemiology – the collection, analysis and interpretation of data on the occurrence, distribution, potential causes and control of diseases, disorders, disabilities and...