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...economic environment. The existing knowledge base of individuals and organisations will bias their perception of a problem and how it can be solved. The organisation may suffer from unconscious incompetence, not being aware of what it does not know. These two factors, environmental change and perception of the nature of the problem, increase the degree of uncertainty that...

...economic scenario of possible population, global domestic product (GDP), energy usage and sources, and so on. This scenario is then translated into a set of: a.greenhouse gas concentrations b.air pollutant concentrations (such as industrial sulfates) c.changes in land use (e.g. conversion of forest to cropland). These are then used by climate models to predict future...

...economic circumstances and behaviour of cases, and the impact of interventions on subsequent disease rates. The insistence on evidence led to the gradual development of a new academic discipline – epidemiology – the collection, analysis and interpretation of data on the occurrence, distribution, potential causes and control of diseases, disorders, disabilities and...

...Economic factors: including, whether it is cost-effective to develop a vaccine and whether a vaccine would be affordable by those who would benefit most from it. Organisational factors: including, whether the infrastructure and personnel necessary to conduct a vaccination programme exist in a susceptible population. Cultural factors: including, the level of public...