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...troubled times! THE BIRTH OF MODERN SCIENCE It was in the 17th century that modern science was really born, and the world began to be examined more closely, using instruments such as the telescope, microscope, clock and barometer. It was also at this time that scientific laws started to be put forward for such phenomena as gravity and the way that the volume, pressure and...

...troubled years in the middle of the century, and concluded that a different basis for governmental authority had to be argued out. In place of a notion of natural and God-given hierarchy, they started from an assumption of freedom and equality amongst (usually male, white, property-owning) human beings. They asked how these individuals could put themselves under an...

...trouble those who sought to attribute war guilt in 1919 and during much of this long debate, but this question will need to be asked as the controversy continues past the centenary. After 100 years of arguing about the war’s causes, this long debate is set to continue. Next: listen to the viewpoints of two leading historians on the causes of the war with our podcast...