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Introducing the Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematical
History & The Arts

Introducing the Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematical

...system of the World; for by the propositions mathematically demonstrated in the first book, we there derive from the celestial phenomena the forces of gravity with which bodies tend to the sun and the several planets. Then, from these forces, by other propositions which are also mathematical, we deduce the motions of the planets, the comets, the moon, and the sea. I wish...
How do rules on contamination limit our ability to explore space?
Science, Maths & Technology

How do rules on contamination limit our ability to explore space?

...think this risk could be eliminated by ensuring that the relevant spacecraft are scrupulously clean to begin with. However, despite using plasma (matter composed of electrically charged particles), intense radiation and heat to sterilise the components, and using special “clean rooms” to assemble them, it has proved impossible to construct a microbe-free spacecraft....
The monster has wings: Should we be worried about youth consumption of energy drinks?
Health, Sports & Psychology

The monster has wings: Should we be worried about youth consumption of energy drinks?

...system. Consumed in larger doses, it can cause anxiety, agitation, sleeplessness, gastrointestinal problems and heart arrhythmias. In the UK, there are no clear recommendations for caffeine intake for adults or children, although both the Food Standards Agency and the British Soft Drinks Association recommend that children should only consume caffeine in “moderation”...
What is the 2015 Autumn Statement all about?
Society, Politics & Law

What is the 2015 Autumn Statement all about?

...think of this year’s cuts to tax credits even before the motion was defeated in the House of Lords. And escalating housing costs are one reason why Osborne will struggle to save much from the equally costly housing benefit bill. The jump in national security costs is another reminder that some services are inescapably public – and expensive. Ironically, an opposition...
The value and progress of jury research in Scotland
Society, Politics & Law

The value and progress of jury research in Scotland

...system. Most jury research – where it involves jurors deliberating in groups rather than research which asks individual participants to reach decisions – is structured around the traditional common law jury. That jury has 12 members, elects between verdicts of guilty or not guilty, is required to reach verdicts either by unanimity or something close to it, and can...
What does the French regional election result mean?
Society, Politics & Law

What does the French regional election result mean?

...think they could take up to seven regions in the second round, but four seems more likely and in either case, they have performed poorly. Hollande’s sudden and unprecedented leap in the opinion pools, following the 13 November, has had no discernible impact on the stump. What strategy then, for the right and the Socialists before next Sunday? Sarkozy has insisted that...
Is Bitcoin a bubble - and why must it burst?
Money & Business

Is Bitcoin a bubble - and why must it burst?

...system, without risk of fake or duplicate Bitcoins being used. Instead of having a bank verify pending transactions (a “block”), miners check them and, if approved, the block is cryptographically added to the ever-expanding ledger. So the first measure we examined relates to mining difficulty. It calculates how difficult it is to find a new block relative to the past....
EdTech Evidence: What works and why
Education & Development

EdTech Evidence: What works and why

...thinking, and other social skills should be prioritised. Despite their differing priorities, both perspectives recognise that a balanced education system incorporating both what is easy to measure as well as life outcomes is key to fostering well-rounded, capable individuals. To preserve the richness of learning educators need to critically engage with several existing...