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...concept of the Fourier series to non-periodic signals. It allows us to estimate the spectrum of a signal and perform a frequency analysis. * frequency response The response of a system (e.g. a filter) when we input sine waves at different frequencies (but equal amplitude). It tells us how the system will modify the spectrum of any input signal we feed to the system. *...

...concepts of mass, volume and density, and how to calculate values of these using appropriate units. You should now be able to: describe what is meant by a terrestrial planet and a giant planet, and the differences between these two planet types understand the scale of the Solar System and use the astronomical unit to measure it classify the planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus...

...concept of partial differentiation for real functions of two real variables, and use it to establish a relationship between complex differentiation and real differentiation. This relationship sometimes enables us to differentiate a complex function using real derivatives. Indeed, at the end of the section, this approach will be used to show that the complex exponential...