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...casting, moulding or extruding, where the final geometry is made using a die or mould of some kind. In these methods the final geometry is only produced after a combination of processes. Additive manufacturing, on the other hand, produces a component by the addition of material to create the final geometry in a single process. The fundamental idea behind AM is not in any...

...Aluminium and some of its alloys are deep drawn into a wide variety of shapes such as cans, milk churns and washing-machine tubs. Other materials include cupro-nickel, copper, titanium, iron and nickel-based alloys. Nimonic alloys require lubricating oils with small additions of molybdenum disulphide. Design: The deformation limit or the limiting draw ratio (LDR) is the...

...aluminium powder) refractory metals such as tungsten and molybdenum beryllium cermet fuel elements (UO2 in a stainless steel matrix) magnesium alloys nickel-based superalloys High temperature refractory metals have to be protected against oxidation by the canning technique. High strengths and good ductility can be achieved in hot extruded powder extrudates. Design: Cold...

...aluminium or titanium contained within the firework mixture. When burning sparklers the orange branching sparks we observe arise from the presence of iron filings. The other various colours we see arise from various colour producing chemicals for example inorganic salts such as copper chloride for blue, strontium chloride for red, barium chloride for green and sodium...

...aluminium or brass, although a wide variety of other materials are available, such as high-alloy and stainless steels, and precious metals. Design: There is a wide range of rivet, bolt, nut and washer designs. A selection is shown below. [Images to demonstrate 'Fasteners' - see article ] See Also: Brazing, Soldering, Adhesive bonding, Diffusion bonding and Injected metal...

...aluminium alloys and brasses. Powder compacts can be orbitally forged to increase their densities to near theoretical. This is a type of powder forging. Design: Process is used to produce components with large-diameter flanges up to 150 mm dia. Components include bevel gears, claw clutch parts, wheel discs with hubs, bearing rings, rings of various contours and bearing...

...Pete Lewis explains how he believes the dynamic effects of vibration and the inappropriate use of cast iron, caused fatigue to the Tay Bridge and were responsible for its collapse. The Hatfield accident Professor Roderick Smith explains the cause of the Hatfield accident while others look at how the flaws of the Tay Bridge are still used as lessons for today's engineers....