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...simple, since it contains a limited number of antigens, which can be targeted by the immune system. Polio virus has just three protein components exposed on the surface of its capsid. By contrast, bacteria are structurally more complex and generally induce antibodies against a variety of proteins. For example, purified protein derivative (PPD) is an antigenic preparation...

...simple examples of surfaces in three-dimensional space. [Figure 3] Figure 3 Some simple examples of surfaces in three-dimensional space Since we are interested only in the surface of such objects, rather than the interior, you should always think of such objects as being hollow, rather than solid. Such surfaces, being subsets of 3, are given the subspace topology from 3....

...simple issue to debate at any given time, and they are routinely faced with limited resources. In effect, decision makers have to prioritise. Scientists therefore need to communicate their science clearly and within the context of ‘real-world’ challenges. At times this may require them not to communicate, i.e. to be selective about which scientific evidence is...