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...humans and cattle who have been “elf-shot”. That is, elves caused illnesses. Even after the conversion of northern Europe to Christianity, people offered sacrifices to elves to keep them away. Perhaps this was important at the start of winter, at Halloween or at what Irish traditions call Samhain which celebrates the start of winter with fires and feasts. For many...

...human or animal power which had been used for centuries to drive cranes and mills. These machines were like giant hamster wheels, as two or three men walked on the inside of the wheel in order to turn it and generate power. Cubbitt elongated the old treadwheel, enabling more people to tread at the same time. And he inverted it. The prisoners would tread on the outside of...

...Humanities courses and qualifications. 1. What first got you interested in history? [Suzanne Forbes]I’m not sure there was a single turning point or experience that got me interested in history. I enjoyed history at school, but what really kept me interested in the subject was the process of researching and writing – I seem to enjoy working through evidence and trying...