Digital & Computing
Managing complexity: A systems approach – introduction
...completely independent. Following in the footsteps of Ackoff, and with others, Schoderbeck et al. (1985) described the complexity of what they regarded as a real or physical system as arising from the interaction of: (a) the number of elements comprising the system, for example, the number of chips on a circuit board; (b) the attributes of the specified elements of the system, for example, the degree of proficiency of ......