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...interfaces across which the cycle operates, but also by climatic factors that vary in both time and space. The various operations and mechanisms within the cycle are illustrated in Figure 2. [Described image] Figure 2 The hydrological cycle (volumes are in Tm3 = 1012 m3)...Effects of pollutants on the aquatic environment: 2 Sources of pollution - To some extent a river is...

...interface or fragmentation in the underlying wood - what the researchers call a 'break in the integrity of the wood'. Maybe the fair proportion of false alarms this tactic is likely to produce is offset by the fact that many wood-boring larvae are large and nutritious, providing a substantial payoff when located. Furthermore, the number of unrewarding cracks beneath the...

...interface by expanding and contracting in response to the flow of water. [Described image] Figure 7 The streamlined bodies of (a) a shark, (b) an ichthyosaur (an extinct marine reptile) and (c) a dolphin These adaptations are so effective that it is now believed that cetacean swimming is almost as cost-effective (in terms of metabolic energy expended for distance...