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...think they have, about what statistics is. But before we get into that, there’s a basic question to answer: is the word ‘statistics’ singular or plural? It looks like a plural because it ends in ‘s’. But ‘mathematics’ and ‘physics’ end in ‘s’, and we don’t talk about one ‘physic’ or one ‘mathematic’. The words ‘mathematics’ and...

...system we can always find a conserved quantity. This means that if, after some transformation, the system looks the same, then there must be some measurable quantity that does not change. Conserved quantities are common in physics, the most famous of which is energy, which cannot be created or destroyed. It is Noether's theorem that relates this conservation law to the...

...system which enables the jigs to be immersed in each tank for the appropriate length of time, and in the sequence necessary to achieve the required finish. The incorporation of programmable sequential controllers enables the process times to be modified as required for a wide variety of components, and the provision of overhead transporters on tracks provides a flexible...

...system, which can eliminate most tumours. Second, they need to survive anti-cancer therapies, and, third, they need to invade distant organs and generate metastases. Cancer dormancy is essential to meet all these challenges. During the periods of dormancy, cancer cells reshape their genetic make-up and get ready for the next stage of progression. Without dormancy, cancer...

...system is a “lathe” where the torch replaces the tool post. Automatic part handling and computer control of the torch can be used to improve the production rate and quality of the coating. Both processes are usually done in air, although the non-transferred arc process can be done under vacuum or inert gas for powders and/or components which oxidise readily. Processes...