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...2, and that for through holes <5. One of the major advantages of the process is the as-cast surface finish, which depends on the material used for the investment and the component. Typical values are given below. Minimum wall thickness depends on flow distances and materials. Although wall thicknesses of 0.25 mm have been achieved, the accepted economic minimum is in the...

...2 mm width) channels in extruded sections. Holes are drilled in long extrusion channels for drainage of electrolyte. Jigging points should be arranged on non-significant surfaces. A wide range of colour-dyed coatings can be achieved ranging from yellow to dark blue, red and black. See also: Electroplating, Electroless plating, Phosphating, Ion implantation and Chemical...

...2–6.4 mm can be welded as flat butt joints. Plate with thicknesses of 5–9.5 mm welded with single V-butt joints. Thin section stainless steel tube can be TIG welded by orbital pipe welding. MIG welding Plate thicknesses of 6–25 mm can be flat-butt welded in aluminium with root faces of 1.6–4.8 mm. Productivity is higher than TIG welding. Used in general...

...2–8%). Sand is moulded by hand or machined, around a wooden or metal pattern that can be withdrawn to leave a cavity of the required shape in the sand. To facilitate this, the moulds are usually split into two or more parts and the patterns tapered (5 mm m-1). Yields are 40–50%, cast weights range from 100 g to 100 tonnes. Access to the mould cavity for molten metal...