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...busy Venice-Candia sea route. [Described image] Figure 9 Madre della Consolazione, 16th century, tempera on panel, 24 x 20 cm (41 x 36.2 cm including modern frame). Madre della Consolazione’s characteristic features are her ‘Giottesque’ appearance (i.e., figures resembling those created by the fourteenth-century Italian painter Giotto, with the major characteristic...

...business – a matter of state policy, not of individual volition, except when the individual is the king. It might, however, be thought a matter of individual volition whether particular men join the army and participate in the war. Catholic writers have long argued that they ought not to volunteer, ought not to serve at all, if they know the war to be unjust. But the...

...business is to record what people say, but I am by no means bound to believe it – and that may be taken to apply to this book as a whole. (Herodotus 7.152; trans. de Sélincourt) So even in the fifth century BCE, history was as much about belief as about truth. You will read several ancient historians during your study of the Classical world. To explore the question of...

...business’ of heritage through the role of the World Heritage List in promoting places of national importance as tourist destinations. The next section outlines this debate and the ideas that have both fed into and developed from it, as an introduction to critical heritage studies as a field of academic research (this characterisation of the debate is strongly influenced...