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...account, but you might be able to explain the relative sizes of the statistics. Answer You may have got something similar to Figure 34, with the decision level fairly close to 1. [Described image] Figure 34 Asymmetrical decision level Because the decision level is so close to 1, noise-affected 0 signals very rarely go beyond the decision level. This is why false...

...account for all the substances that exist and that can be made, but in fact there are just 118 different types of atom that have been observed. These are known as the chemical elements and of those 118, only about 90 occur naturally. Each element is represented by a chemical symbol, consisting of one or two letters, for example, H is for hydrogen and He is helium. An...

...account for planets orbiting stars other than the Sun. These planets are called exoplanets. The first planet orbiting another Sun-like star was discovered in 1995, and since then astronomers have found over 4000 of these exoplanets. A star along with its exoplanets is known as a planetary system. We now know that our own Solar System is not unique: it is one planetary...

...account for the differences in hardness between the two minerals? Diamond has a three-dimensional bonding pattern, with identical bonding in all directions, and no 'weak' directions. Graphite has a mainly two-dimensional pattern, with sheets of C-C bonds. Bonds between the sheets are very weak, so sheets can easily slide past each other, explaining graphite's use as a...

...account when interpreting samples. Orientation Most histological sections are 2D slices, from a 3D piece of tissue. Exactly what will be seen on the microscope slide depends on the plane of the section; that is, the position of the microtome cut, in relation to the anatomical structures in the tissue. Clinicians attempt to cut tissues in a plane that allows the underlying...