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...carbon case hardening steels to medium carbon (0.4–0.5% C) steels for induction hardening applications). Cr-Ni-V steels are used to produce socket heads for socket sets. Only a slight improvement in material properties compared with cold forging. Design: Dimension and tolerance control is not as good as for cold forging. Tolerances: diameter 0.3–0.6 mm length...

...the role of the sun, carbon, and energy interactions between organisms in ecosystems Humans enter the equation How human activity affects the delicate energy balance in an ecosystem with often adverse consequences Managing or meddling? How ecosystems need careful understanding if we are to sustain them for the future whilst using them to our economic advantage...

...carbon alternatives such as electric and hybrid-electric vehicles increasingly available, as well as, more recently, the first commercial fuel-cell cars, the need for diesel as a carbon reduction technology is becoming less central. Unanswered questions For VW itself, apart from the massive loss of share value in recent days, its corporate social and environmental...

...carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, simple organic molecules and salts. [Enceladus cutaway, as described in the text] Cutaway view inside Enceladus, showing where hot water and rock interact below the ice Eventually, in March 2015, it detected microscopic particles of silica. By then, the composition of the plumes showed almost every sign that ocean water had reacted...

...carbon content of the steel (the higher the carbon content, the darker the coating). Used as lubricant. Iron phosphates are chiefly used as a base for subsequent painting, and have excellent adhesion. Manganese phosphates are used on ferrous parts such as internal combustion (IC) engine components, for breaking in and to prevent galling. They are usually brown-black or...

...carbon dioxide, to shield the weld from contaminants in the atmosphere. Extra filler metal can be added by using a separate filler rod...This content is associated with The Open University's Science courses and qualifications The principles of the TIG welding torch [Images to demonstrate 'Gas shielded arc welding processes (TIG/MIG/MAG)' - see article ] Tungsten inert gas...