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...simple, fast technique for extracting the important ideas from a situation, conversation, presentation or written article and getting them down on paper in a way that is meaningful to you. A spray diagram starts from a theme in the centre and the ideas arrange around that theme showing the connections or associations between the ideas. Sometimes it is useful to introduce...

...simple as instant runoff. Plurality voting and its problems In plurality voting, every voter names their favorite candidate, and the candidate named most often wins. This is the only reasonable thing to do when there are only two candidates, but it becomes problematic when there are more. The problems are well-recognized. For example, if you were every voter’s second...

...code’ (have instructions) for particular products, proteins, to be produced. For example the protein pigments that give eye colour. However these sequences or some of these nucleic acid bases, are slightly different between individuals called variants, which can be inherited or changed during a person’s lifetime. These variants can span small regions of DNA and can be...