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...energy efficiency of new buildings has improved, and emissions per square metre have been reduced. However, we replace our building stock in Europe very slowly, at less than 1% per year. This means over 80% of our existing building stock will still be standing in 2050. Regulation on the whole still ignores embodied carbon impacts (although this has recently been debated...

...solar system. A chaotic universe A mistake in calculations leads to a revolutionary discovery. The power of computers The benefit of using a computer for iteration calculations. The lure of fractal images Mathematicians have been fascinated with creating fractal patterns on a computer. Natural mathematics How close examination of a fern reveals the geometry of fractals....

...energy recovery and landfill. This material forms part of T308 Environmental Monitoring, Modelling and Control... Waste Management A short introduction to this album. Waste Minimisation Cutting down the amount of waste we create per household is our biggest challenge. Waste Re-use How your recycling gets separated and processed. When to re-use packaging, opt for...

...energy in joules and electric current in amperes. A detailed understanding of these units is not needed yet, and would make a rather dull start to this course. In the few places where units appear, please skip past them if the meaning is unclear. Many physical quantities span vast ranges of magnitude. Figures 1 and 2 use images to indicate the range of lengths and times...

...energy, thanks to E = mc²) follow these straight paths in curved space. The experimental proof of this occurred during a solar eclipse in 1919 where starlight was observed to be bent by the sun. The amount of bending was predicted by Einstein, and not by the standard “Newtonian” theory. So matter follows the curvature of space, but we know matter is the source of...

...energy as though little piece was a nuclear bomb. It destroys your mission. So all it takes is something a few millimetres in diameter to actually destroy your mission. So probably a tenth of speed of light is the highest that you can go without really, really being in great danger. Anyway that’s an aside so to speak. But let’s imagine you could go that fast. And say...