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...Spanish, Dutch and English extended their global economic influence through the conquest of lands in the Americas, they developed specific attitudes to justify their treatment of Indigenous peoples as forced labour after conquest. These attitudes extended towards men, women and children captured or sold into slavery in Africa, and transported across the Atlantic to work...

...Spanish mission.] © ‘Proyecto Djehuty’, Spanish Mission at Dra Abu el-Naga 2005 Figure 13 The main area of the hill of Dra Abu el-Naga, showing the area excavated by the Egyptian–Spanish mission. The Theban peak, overlooking the valley of Deir el-Bahri, is visible on the left By 1821 the main/major surviving fragments were in London at the British Museum (Figure...

...Spanish (the so-called ‘Romance’ languages), it has nevertheless given us an enormous number of English words. According to some estimates, around half of all English words come from Latin...Getting started on classical Latin: 2.1 Latin and English: the Roman empire - You may be familiar with the idea that words such as science, transport and solution are derived from...

...Spanish Tragedy (c.1587), one of the earliest and most influential of this group of plays, through Shakespeare’s Hamlet (1601), the most famous of all revenge tragedies, to a later example of the genre like Thomas Middleton’s The Revenger’s Tragedy (1606), revenge tragedies consistently present their audience with the spectacle of decadent courts and irresponsible,...

...Spanish Succession (1702–13), the War of Austrian Succession (1740–48), the Seven Years’ War (1756–63), the American Revolutionary War (1775–83), and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (1793–1815) played a key role in the ‘invention’ of a British national identity. France was not only a threat to the state; it also seemed to represent everything...