410 search results
The ocean of Jupiter’s moon Europa
Science, Maths & Technology

The ocean of Jupiter’s moon Europa

...carbon dioxide ice, but salts such as magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, sodium carbonate and sodium chloride (common salt) have also been detected. Assuming these salts and the ice crust formed by freezing of the underlying ocean, this would suggest that magnesium, sulfur, sodium, carbon and chlorine are all present in Europa’s ocean. However, it is unclear from...
View article The ocean of Jupiter’s moon Europa
Article 5 mins
A new mission to the icy moons of Jupiter
Science, Maths & Technology

A new mission to the icy moons of Jupiter

...carbonates – and now I’m moving on to look at organic (compounds that contain carbon) materials. The Cassini mission in 2008 detected some very simple organic compounds on Enceladus. Starting with them, I’m trying to understand what more complex compounds might be created in the temperature and pressure conditions of the ocean floor of Enceladus. Specifically, I’m...
View article A new mission to the icy moons of Jupiter
Article 5 mins
Europa: Jupiter’s ocean world
Science, Maths & Technology

Europa: Jupiter’s ocean world

...carbon dioxide on the moon’s ice surface, within a region of chaos terrain. This carbon dioxide is proposed to have originated from the ocean beneath. Carbon is one of the bioessential elements for life, making astrobiologists even more excited to learn more about Europa. In the coming years, data returned from ESA’s JUICE and NASA’s Europa Clipper missions will be...
View article Europa: Jupiter’s ocean world
Article 5 mins
Does it snow on Mars?
Science, Maths & Technology

Does it snow on Mars?

...carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The new study, published in Nature Geoscience, has found a way in which tiny specks of water-ice could travel down to the ground without this strange frozen carbon dioxide coat. If correct, this would mean genuine snow on Mars – just like that on Earth. The team used measurements from two orbiting spacecraft (the Mars Global Surveyor...
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Video 5 mins
Investment casting
Science, Maths & Technology

Investment casting

...carbon investment instead of the conventional refractory. Refractory investments vary depending on the material being cast, but are graded and chosen in order to minimise metal/mould reactions, to reduce cracking during firing and to give adequate mechanical strength. Low melting point materials (<1200˚C), which are used in conjunction with a water-soluble investment,...
View article Investment casting
Article 5 mins
Full mould casting (evaporative pattern)
Science, Maths & Technology

Full mould casting (evaporative pattern)

...carbon which will diffuse into the surface of steel components, altering their composition. This is most serious for low carbon steel components, but can be avoided by coating the pattern with 2 or 3 coats of refractory slurry, then firing at approximately 1000°C. This removes the pattern, leaving a thin ceramic shell which is surrounded by sand before casting in the...
View article Full mould casting (evaporative pattern)
Article 5 mins
COP26 and the Glasgow Pact...one small step
Nature & Environment

COP26 and the Glasgow Pact...one small step

...carbon dioxide but also for other gases such as methane, nitrous oxide, and others. Global mean surface temperatures – as measured by the network of thousands of weather stations on land and sea. COP26 made significant progress on indicators 1–3. Hopefully, this will cascade to indicators 4–6 within a decade or so. Multilateralism - The Glasgow Pact Every COP needs...
View article COP26 and the Glasgow Pact...one small step
Article 5 mins
Matt Ridley - Stories of Change
Nature & Environment

Matt Ridley - Stories of Change

...carbon dioxide levels, looked at the Jani equation for how much warming this was likely to produce, and reported it straight, as it were, as a very alarming prospect. I became a little more sceptical in the nineties when I began to look into the science a bit more closely, but then I kind of drifted off and went off and wrote about genes for a number of years and didn’t...
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