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...liquid into a solid. It's straightforward and I'm sure you can guess at least some of the results in advance. But as you will see, the implications of two of the results are amazing. In fact, it's not an exaggeration to say to the experiment reveals that the physical properties of one of the liquids you will freeze are fundamental to life on our planet, and perhaps even...

...solid die and a rubber pad. Under pressure from a rigid tool, the rubber behaves like a liquid and forms over the shape of the die, forcing the sheet metal to also adopt the die shape...Rubber die forming Rubber die forming is based on the principle that rubber, when subjected to high pressure, behaves like a fluid. This means that the rubber pad distributes the pressure...

...solid materials, the lees are removed to give a clear liquid. Now comes one of the special tricks in making sherry. The liquid is left to age in a wooden barrel, but it is not completely full. A film of yeast known as “flor” grows on the surface of the liquid and stops any contact with the air, thus avoiding oxidation to vinegar. The flor is a bacteria that lives on...

...liquid with solid white lumps. These lumps were curds which were created from a combination of the rennin from the saddlebag which was made from an animal’s stomach, the hot sun and the galloping motions of the horse. And thus cheese was discovered. Find out more about cheese in this article. ​ 7. Microwaves created from melted chocolate [melted chocolate] When...

...solid or liquid. Air samples are easy to collect; we simply use a pump to collect them either into a bag or on to special materials (called sorbents) that hold on to the VOCs until they can be analysed. Solid or liquid samples are sealed into special bags and the VOCs they release are collected in the bag. Once the VOCs are collected, they are detected using a piece of...

...liquid called cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF, that acts as a cushion when we bang our head. This liquid is created in, and fills in, the cavities in the middle of the brain called ventricles. It also covers and protects the spinal cord. The brain is purposefully floating inside the skull, so its total weight is, in effect, reduced by 98% (so it only weighs 2% of what it...

...solid part of the comet (its nucleus) to feed the growing tail. However, for most of the time a comet is far from the sun, and it is simply a dark, dusty object too faint to detect using even the largest telescopes. It is hoped that access to a comet will provide a pristine, deep-frozen sample of the material from which the planets were built. Comets have been hitting the...