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How the potato fuelled the rise of liberal capitalism
History & The Arts

How the potato fuelled the rise of liberal capitalism

...nation. “There is not a single politician,” agreed the Spanish thinker Joaquin Xavier de Uriz, writing in 1801, “who does not accept the clear fact that the greatest possible number of law-abiding and hard-working men constitutes the happiness, strength and wealth of any state”. Statesmen and public-spirited individuals therefore devoted attention to building this healthy population. It was the productivity puzzle of the ......
Animals at the extremes: the desert environment
Nature & Environment

Animals at the extremes: the desert environment

...types of aridity index have been devised. De Martonne's aridity index has been used widely and is calculated from the formula: I a = aridity index P = mean annual precipitation/mm T = mean annual temperature/°C Note that values for average precipitation can be misleading because in arid deserts, especially hyper-arid desert, there are many years that have no rainfall at...
Robert Owen and New Lanark
History & The Arts

Robert Owen and New Lanark

...types of communities remained at the heart of all his activities. David McLaren Even before New Lanark was established he has this idea that it will transform the world. When it's established it is successful if controversial and so on. And it's no surprise then that off he goes in 1824 to establish a community in America. As far as possible on the same kind of basis as...
Level 2: Intermediate 12 hrs
Rights and justice in international relations
Society, Politics & Law

Rights and justice in international relations

...de Tocqueville put it, the idea of rights ‘removes from any request its supplicant character, and places the one who claims it on the same level as the one who grants it’. Rights: a definition A right is a justifiable entitlement to something (the object of the right), by virtue of the possession of a relevant attribute, against an agent or agents with the...
The struggle to save the seabirds after the Torrey Canyon disaster
Nature & Environment

The struggle to save the seabirds after the Torrey Canyon disaster

...type of flooring for maintaining large numbers of auks has yet to be devised. Possibly the best at the moment is Weldmesh with a soft plastic coating. This also lets the droppings through and avoids contamination of the feathers. Had this been used from the start, it is possible that the incidence of arthritis in our birds would have been lower. If, despite general...
The secret history of teenage bedrooms
Education & Development

The secret history of teenage bedrooms

...type of arguments, they’re both arguing for personal autonomy. In the evangelicals’ case they also argued that the separate bedroom would allow for a one-to-one relationship with God. But the social scientists that came about they’re putting old wine in new bottles in many respects but they gave it more of a scientific sheen, that was where their authority came from...
How the atmosphere sustains life on Earth
Science, Maths & Technology

How the atmosphere sustains life on Earth

...type of life can flourish in different regions. Without resupply by rain or snow, the centres of continents would be arid, and life would struggle to survive. The shield The atmosphere also shields life. Many small rocks are littered throughout the Solar System, left over from the violent processes that occurred during its formation or formed in subsequent collisions...
Fatih Birol - Stories of Change
Nature & Environment

Fatih Birol - Stories of Change

...types, at least they should use the efficient coal-fired power plants, and if they move from inefficient to efficient coal-fired plants the difference in terms of cost is minimal compared to other mitigation options that we have somewhere else in the world. RH: Well, who should pay for that extra 10%? FB: It can well be… we can all have a mechanism in order to provide...