Education & Development
'Bad Apples' or Organisational Cultures?
...management guru William Edward Deming captured this notion through his 85/15 rule, which says that 85 percent of the problems in any organization are system-related while only 15 percent are worker-related’ (Davis, 2016). Does the reliance on the ‘bad apples’ explanation reflect the challenge that Critical Race Theory illuminates and the concept of ‘institutional...