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...2), published in 1755, he argued that ‘‘perpetual labour’ may be ‘justly adjudged’ as an appropriate punishment for law breakers. He goes on: … no law could be more effectual to promote a general industry, and restrain sloth and idleness in the lower conditions, than making perpetual slavery of this sort the ordinary punishment of such idle vagrants, after...

...2 Rhagfyr 2023 Cynhaliwyd dau hystings - un rhithiol drwy Zoom ac un wyneb yn wyneb ym Mhrifysgol Aberystwyth. Yn y ddau hystings, cafodd pob ymgeisydd gyfle i draddodi araith. Yna gofynnwyd ystod eang o gwestiynau gan aelodau gyda phob un o'r ymgeiswyr yn cael dau funud i ateb pob cwestiwn. Ar ôl yr hystings, gofynnwyd i'r aelodau a oedd yn bresennol fwrw eu...

...2. The central chapters focus on events around World War One) iii. MacAskill, K., 2019, Glasgow 1919 The Rise of Red Clydeside, London, Biteback. (Sketches in background material but provides a more focused account of the key events of the core Red Clyde years 1915-22 and especially 1919.) The link below summarises MacAskill’s views and contains an interview with him...

...2 Acting locally in a world of connections - Places – the specific towns, cities, regions or neighbourhoods in which people find themselves living and working – are often presented as being increasingly at the mercy of ‘global’ forces, whether these are economic processes, social and cultural movements of people and ideas or natural processes of environmental...

...fact, I believe the 2 to 4 percent gain for Clinton predicted by FiveThirtyEight and other pundits in the next week will fail to materialize. Until they start taking emotional engagement into consideration, pundits will continue to be wrong about debate outcomes, and we should question their initial predictions. These articles were originally published by The Conversation...

...2.) The second arose from the objective endorsed at Maastricht of closer integration through eventual monetary union and the birth of a European Single Currency (ESC) in 1999. Both of these developments took place against a background of considerable conflict and growing doubt and uncertainty about the nature of the Europe that was in prospect. In the early 1990s the...