Search

...carbon or nitrogen) lose their energy and stop moving. The compressive stresses generated in the surface layers improve mechanical and fatigue properties, as well as corrosion and wear resistance...[Images to demonstrate 'Ion Implantation' - see article] Manufacture: Process is not a surface coating process but implants ions below the surface, into the matrix of the...

...carbon-hydrogen bonds – is actually ubiquitous throughout the universe. One of the big questions is whether organic compounds can be delivered to planets to form the basis for life. We are still not sure how life started on Earth. If this did happen, comets and asteroids are good candidates as a transport vehicle. The same story applies to water. We clearly have a lot...

...carbon and oxygen. [deep sky image of the constellation Orion] The constellation Orion A good example of stars at different stages of their lives may be seen in the constellation of Orion, the hunter. Comprising seven bright stars, Orion is a familiar shape in the night sky – two stars mark his shoulders, and two stars mark his knees, with a belt of three stars across...

...carbon equivalent value. Group B. Heat-treatable alloys with mechanical properties affected by the welding process: e.g. plain carbon steel, alloy steel and precipitation-hardening Al-alloys. Group C. Materials which form brittle alloys or intermetallic compounds at the weld interface. This intermediate layer can usually be controlled to a few micrometers: e.g.:...

...carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) or glass fibre reinforced plastic. Sandwiches of CFRP are also used in many modern aircraft. Many of these materials are simply called laminates as they are indeed laminated together as each layer in built up and then cured with heat to precisely secure it into place. Try our free course 'Introducing engineering' Return to aeroplane...

...footprint. While not all bioplastics are biodegradable, they represent a more sustainable choice compared to traditional plastics, particularly in their use of renewable materials (Abe et al., 2021). The key to bioplastics’ potential lies in their ability to replace traditional plastics across a range of applications without compromising functionality. Whether it’s a...