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...system control and automation. [Blurred hurrying commuters inside Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus railway station, Mumbai] On top of that, to maintain the headway, commuters only have fifteen to thirty five seconds while the train stops to get on or off. Many jump out of the open doors whilst the train is still in motion. Tragically accidents are commonplace - nine people...

...system that controls power from the solar panels, and one of its eight sub-units (number 1B) has failed and is to be replaced. One bolt has to be undone, the faulty unit removed, new one installed, and the single bolt re-tightened. It will take about three hours to complete the task, something that would take maybe half an hour back home. Kopra, a NASA astronaut, has...

...system to supply the active gas to the specially designed dies. Pore-free casting (PF) allows a reduction in casting pressure, and hence machine size, compared with high pressure die casting, enabling same-sized components with similar properties to be produced at lower pressures, with a corresponding increase in die life. Production rates are less than for high pressure...

...systems not usually required, giving high metal yields and weight tolerances of ±2%. Solidification times less than other casting processes except high pressure die casting and “Hyperforge” process. Accurate control of all process variables makes process difficult to operate under production conditions and often leads to slow cycle times. Typical production rates are...

...systems Electrical resistance: medium cost and output, poor versatility, preforms required Radio-frequency induction: high cost and output, preforms required Dipping bath: medium cost, low output and versatility Soldering iron: hand-feeding gives low cost and output, but high versatility Finishing – flux and residual solder are removed before inspection. Materials:...

...systems are more expensive and less versatile, since they are usually only economic for the high volume production of one particular assembly. The dies and tooling in an operating head can be changed in a few minutes, and complete operating heads for the production of entirely different assemblies can be fitted in approximately 10 min. The holding fixture for the...