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...economic renewal of the continent championed by former President Thabo Mbeki. For a short time, South Africa occupied the moral high ground and was able to influence the agenda of intergovernmental organisations like the United Nations, the African Union and the South African Development Community. South Africans were called on to play a key role in a number of areas. Two...

...economic, social and environmental impacts. The government's decisions about the airport will not only have to balance the overall costs and benefits, but also how they are spread out across the country. This article is a quick exploration of the costs and benefits of expanding Heathrow, focusing on the geographical techniques of analysis you would learn in the OU’s...

...economic and social geography of the UK, focusing on its uneven development in a country increasingly dominated by London and the South East of England. It then considers how the divisions within the UK (within England as well as between England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland) were reflected in the voting patterns of the 2016 referendum. Finally, the course...

...Economic Community (EEC) the EU has hardly dented national identity, although in most countries an important number of people are happy to express a joint European/national identity (SubSection 1.2.1). An important question that we must tackle in any approach to the study of Europe is the very ambiguity of the concept. There are no clear-cut geographical, political,...