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...energy to do so, leaving less energy for growth and reproduction. Consequently, they up smaller in size. Aside from the impact this has on shellfish, several of the species affected, such as corals in the tropics or coralline algae in the waters around the UK, also play a key role in providing food and nursing grounds for fish. And less fish food leads to fewer fish for...

...energy it takes to start up a variety of objects in this game developed to complement the series Shock and Awe: The Story of Electricity...PLEASE NOTE: This interactive was originally created for the broadcast of Shock & Awe: The Story of Electricity in 2011, therefore some of the data may not be up to date. [Spark it up launcher ] Launch Spark it Up Click the image above...

...energy (itself derived from coal, oil, natural gas, wind, water, nuclear reactions or other sources) into electrical energy. Here, we describe how to use readily available materials to make a simple generator. Although it will only be powerful enough to light a small torch bulb, it works on the same basic principles as the power station generators that supply domestic...

...solar system. It was last at perihelion (its closest approach to the sun) in 1995. Each time the comet comes to the inner solar system, it sheds dust. Over time, this debris has built up, and is smeared out along the entire track of the orbit. Once a year, in August, the Earth’s orbit crosses that of comet Swift-Tuttle, and dust from the comet is captured. If you record...

...energy? Do they have a source of water? Do they have sites where water and rock can interact? Are they the right temperature – it can’t be so cold that nothing could survive. And finally, life takes a long time to get started. Has there been enough time for the moon to become habitable? [Photograph of the surface of Europa. The grey-blue icy surface is criss-crossed...