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...system to supply the active gas to the specially designed dies. Pore-free casting (PF) allows a reduction in casting pressure, and hence machine size, compared with high pressure die casting, enabling same-sized components with similar properties to be produced at lower pressures, with a corresponding increase in die life. Production rates are less than for high pressure...

...systems not usually required, giving high metal yields and weight tolerances of ±2%. Solidification times less than other casting processes except high pressure die casting and “Hyperforge” process. Accurate control of all process variables makes process difficult to operate under production conditions and often leads to slow cycle times. Typical production rates are...

...systems Electrical resistance: medium cost and output, poor versatility, preforms required Radio-frequency induction: high cost and output, preforms required Dipping bath: medium cost, low output and versatility Soldering iron: hand-feeding gives low cost and output, but high versatility Finishing – flux and residual solder are removed before inspection. Materials:...

...systems are more expensive and less versatile, since they are usually only economic for the high volume production of one particular assembly. The dies and tooling in an operating head can be changed in a few minutes, and complete operating heads for the production of entirely different assemblies can be fitted in approximately 10 min. The holding fixture for the...

...system and the boiling point of electrolyte. Removal rates are 5–10 times those of conventional grinding for hard materials; typically 0.15 cm3 min–1 (100 A)–1. Main use of process is the shaping and sharpening of WC cutting tools, although it has been used for sharpening hypodermic needles and machining thin, fragile, honeycombed structures. Materials: Almost any...