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...solid Earth itself. This course looks at a dramatic example of solid Earth activity: earthquakes. You probably have some idea from newspapers, television or perhaps personal experience, of just how powerful earthquakes can be. In a matter of minutes earthquakes have devastated cities and killed a quarter of a million people. I was in only a medium-sized earthquake in...

...liquid and gaseous forms of biofuels can be produced from crops that either have a high sugar content, such as sugar cane or sugar beet, or contain starch that can be converted into sugars, such as maize. Plants containing high levels of plant oils, such as oil palm or soybean, can also be used. Wood and its by-products can be converted into a variety of biofuels. In this...

...solid surface and is most likely a largely gaseous body, like the planet which it orbits every 22 days. Signatures of an exmoon The exoplanet was originally found by the transit technique, in which a planet passing in front of its host star, along our line of sight, causes the star’s brightness to dim slightly (by around 1% for a Jupiter-sized planet orbiting a...

...solid water) is less dense and floats. But cooling a liquid usually packs the molecules more closely, which increases the density. This means that below 3.98 °C cooling results in the water molecules spacing out and both the liquid and the solid water below this temperature expand. This is an amazing physical property and is why pipes burst and water in cracks shatters...

...solid end caps, which themselves are attached by one-inch bolts through the centre of the pin. There’s some interesting evidence of pitting corrosion on the surface, the bearing surfaces. This would be the bearing surface of the pin over which the, uh, eyebars would rotate, and you can ... there is considerable pitting under the track of the one of the outer eyebars,...