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Hot rolling
Science, Maths & Technology

Hot rolling

...work metals than with cold rolling. Cast ingot structures, at heavy deformations and at temperatures where recrystallisation occurs, promote recrystallisation. Control of the sheet temperature can produce fine-grained structures. Design: Shaped rolling can be used to produce a wide variety of useful-shaped sections in continuous lengths: this includes T, L and U sections,...
Article 5 mins
Warm forging
Science, Maths & Technology

Warm forging

...work die steels are used for punches and dies. Lower forging loads are required than with cold forging, hence smaller-capacity presses can be used: e.g. maximum punch pressures for steel are: cold forging (62% reduction) 2000 MPa warm forging (62% at 600˚C) 1450 MPa Any critical dimension might need to be tightened by the addition of an extra coining or sizing operation....
Article 5 mins
Oxfam: Challenges for a complex charity
Money & Business

Oxfam: Challenges for a complex charity

...working in the field. How then do you balance the needs of these different groups? For many charities like Oxfam one important way of raising funds is through commercial activities such as charity shops. But as anyone knows who walks down high street this is an increasingly competitive market place. In order to be successful charity shops have to be run on increasingly on...
Marketing food to children and young people: Why it matters even more in the digital age
Education & Development

Marketing food to children and young people: Why it matters even more in the digital age

...working conditions that promote stress and job insecurity and don’t support home food preparation; food production, processing, pricing and subsidy systems; and urban planning and deprivation that doesn’t support physical activity or healthy food supply. In addition to all these – and interacting with them – is the promotion (marketing and advertising) of...
Darwin in the land of pumas
History & The Arts

Darwin in the land of pumas

...work, and is generally overstated. The road was uninteresting, over a dry grassy plain; and on our left hand at a greater or less distance there were some low hills; a continuation of which we crossed close to the posta. Before our arrival we met a large herd of cattle and horses, guarded by fifteen soldiers; but we were told many had been lost. It is very difficult to...
Home education collection
Education & Development

Home education collection

...working within and across mainstream and/or alternative provision settings including teachers and transition support workers Local government professionals and related staff including education welfare officers, social workers and/or attendance officers Policymakers A short disclaimer As an educational practice and field of study, home education invites diverse ideas and...
Cell membrane: The cell's city wall
Nature & Environment

Cell membrane: The cell's city wall

...works, so in the cell, different functions are separated into different compartments. All these compartments co-exist quite happily within the outer boundary of the cell. The membranes of these internal compartments are made up of the same material as the outer membrane. VACUOLE The vacuole is found only in plant cells. In a plant cell the vacuole increases the cell...
Just six numbers
Science, Maths & Technology

Just six numbers

...work of some sort of benign creator. Martin interprets this evidence differently. If we imagine that our Big Bang wasn't the only one, then naturally there would be some which have the requisite tuning for life to emerge, and we find ourselves in just that Universe. If there were many Big Bangs it shouldn't come as any surprise that in some of them the tuning is...