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...work is done on the material during the transfer process, and the heat transfer paths are shorter. This leads to faster heating, curing and cycle times than compression moulding. Materials: Materials are normally thermosetting polymers such as PF, UF, MF, epoxies and rubbers. Additives may be mixed with the base material to encourage free-flowing characteristics. Design:...

...work metals than with cold rolling. Cast ingot structures, at heavy deformations and at temperatures where recrystallisation occurs, promote recrystallisation. Control of the sheet temperature can produce fine-grained structures. Design: Shaped rolling can be used to produce a wide variety of useful-shaped sections in continuous lengths: this includes T, L and U sections,...

...work die steels are used for punches and dies. Lower forging loads are required than with cold forging, hence smaller-capacity presses can be used: e.g. maximum punch pressures for steel are: cold forging (62% reduction) 2000 MPa warm forging (62% at 600˚C) 1450 MPa Any critical dimension might need to be tightened by the addition of an extra coining or sizing operation....