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...system exhibits a degree of social openness, in which there are opportunities for upper-level white-collar workers. In the French system the validation of merits before entering work is the result either of inheritance or of academic achievement; in Germany the authority of the business head has to be legitimated all along, hence the importance of ongoing education and...

...systems which sought to control women, the programme itself silences them. In the third episode for example, Foreman details the oppressive argument of King James I’s Demonology, which underpinned the witch hunts of the 17th century, 80% of whose victims were women. She does not mention, however, the trials where defendants, complainants and witnesses gave depositions....

...system whereby at least a million signatories across seven EU member states can participate directly in the development of EU policies. The UK petition has far in excess of the required number of signatures to fulfil this and the existence of similar campaign groups across the EU with a significant number of signatures shows this process may be successful. Short-term...

...systemic reasons that prevent people in the bottom 20% from climbing the ladder. For example, the poorest 20% of Americans pay more in marginal taxes than the richest (10.9% vs 5.4%, NY Times). Once paid, those considered “unbanked” individuals could be penalized again, described as those who do not have access to a bank account. Bad credit or being ineligible for a...