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...energy flow, and be able to define and use terms which are introduced in the videos and text and apply them to new situations and examples where appropriate. There is more than one way in which an ecosystem can be defined. In the following video Dr Mike Gillman highlights the difference between two schools of thought. One definition is that an ecosystem is an area where...

...energy. As a result, an electron orbiting in this way would rapidly spiral into the nucleus as its electrical energy reduced. Clearly, this doesn’t happen, so electrons cannot really be simply orbiting the nucleus. Consequently this model didn’t remain in vogue for too long. By the 1920’s a branch of physics known as of quantum mechanics began to stamp its mark on...

...energy costs by 50%. Can use lower casting temperatures. Materials: CLA process has been applied to several alloy systems, these include: aluminium-based alloys nickel-based alloys stainless steels cobalt-based alloy for surgical implants. The CLV process is used for vacuum cast alloys, to reduce contamination by reactive elements such as nickel-, cobalt- and...

...Minimum practical forging thicknesses: conventional 5 mm orbital 2.5 mm Thickness tolerances on warm forging of steel at 700–800˚C are ±0.15 mm. Reduced oxide scale formation compared with hot forging applications. Orbital forging should produce 25% material savings and 50% reduced energy costs. See Also: Upset forging, Hot forging (open die) and Powder forging....

...energy from the sun keep the Earth warm, but throughout the history of our galaxy, all the atoms from which we are made have originated from the pristine hydrogen in stars, so we're quite literally the ashes of long dead stars, or, to put it another way less romantically, the nuclear waste of the fuel that made those stars shine. Martin says that when we look around at...