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...work of Anaximander and Empedocles. Anaximander proposed that animals could be transformed from one kind to another, and Empedocles speculated that they could be made up of various combinations of pre-existing parts. However, evolutionary theories were subsequently prevented from developing and challenging the belief of special creation for some fifteen centuries, due to...

...worked out that any word which occurs within that particular context (a -and…) must be a noun. In other words, you've made the identification on the grounds of the function rather than the form of the word. This is usually the most dependable way of making such an identification, since a single form, such as holiday, can behave as a number of different word classes...