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...paradox’ – an ‘outsiders’ party and an ‘insiders’ party: This debate includes the tendency of ‘them and us’. Labour’s traditions posit an ‘outsiders’ party. This comprehension of Labour’s ethos at the top of the party had weakened over the decades, but has made a very recent comeback. Taking the role of theoretical debate as an example, an...

...paradoxical in this way. It can lead to an over-reliance in bias. Judges and other legal experts are therefore not immune to bias. Research has found that the decisions made by magistrates, for example, are more aligned with biased decision-making models than rational decision-making models. Their decisions are inconsistent across their own caseload and inconsistent when...

...paradox during the furore over the invasion of Iraq in 2003. Labour members rebelled in their droves. A large number of backbenchers not only voted against the government line, but also continued to vocalise their dissent against government “warmongering”, at considerable embarrassment to Blair. They were able to do it so vocally because the survival of the government...

...Paradoxically, if we want to reduce crime we must first reduce prison populations – but the new bill does not recognise this. Prisoner reform and rehabilitation has been the goal of penal administrators since the 1800s. But the golden fleece has never been found. The commitment to reform, more foolhardy than brave and perhaps focused more on placing greater...