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Coronavirus: How can athletes get through this period of isolation?
Health, Sports & Psychology

Coronavirus: How can athletes get through this period of isolation?

...energy. Motivation may be affected as their goals and targets become longer term and less pressing. There could be a tendency to become lazy and develop a ‘who cares’ attitude. Burnout in the future is a real problem with a compressed schedule being a feature of sport over the next couple of years. Burnout is also linked to the increased stress and anxiety that...
Reaction injection moulding (RIM) and Reinforced reaction injection moulding (RRIM)
Science, Maths & Technology

Reaction injection moulding (RIM) and Reinforced reaction injection moulding (RRIM)

...energy requirements. RIM equipment costs approximately 30% less than comparable injection moulding equipment, and product energy requirements are low compared with other materials, although RRIM would increase these. Critical process variables are mould and monomer temperatures, injection and clamping pressures, material flow rate and density. Close control of these...
Electron beam welding
Science, Maths & Technology

Electron beam welding

...energy beam of electrons directed at the joint to be welded. Heat transfer is very localised, not by surface conduction, but within the workpiece itself, so no filler is required. Results in a narrow weld zone and HAZ. Process carried out either under vacuum, or non-vacuum...[Images to demonstrate 'Electron beam welding' - see article ] The electron beam is generated in...
The secrets of the brain
Science, Maths & Technology

The secrets of the brain

...energy needed by the body to function. This is because it never turns off, and it spends almost as much energy when we are sleeping as when we are awake. It does different work though: when we are awake, the brain’s tasks include resolving problems, moving the body and remembering facts. When we are asleep, however, it repairs and cleans itself while also making sure it...
Design from the inside
Science, Maths & Technology

Design from the inside

...energy absorption (which is desirable in packaging and mattresses), or strength-to-weight ratio (which is desirable in structures). Historically, the types of cellular structure that were available were limited, due to the capabilities of traditional manufacturing processes. However, the introduction of additive manufacturing (a.k.a. 3D printing) has made it possible to...
Oxygen, blood and the body
Science, Maths & Technology

Oxygen, blood and the body

...energy. Using glucose as an energy source, the overall reaction for aerobic respiration is: C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g) = 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) + energy Six moles of oxygen are consumed for every mole of glucose, and a good supply of O2 is essential to enable our cells, and bodies, to function normally. Similarly most organisms, from the smallest single-cell amoeba to the largest...
Tim Peake’s spacewalk is no stroll in the park
Science, Maths & Technology

Tim Peake’s spacewalk is no stroll in the park

...solar panels, and one of its eight sub-units (number 1B) has failed and is to be replaced. One bolt has to be undone, the faulty unit removed, new one installed, and the single bolt re-tightened. It will take about three hours to complete the task, something that would take maybe half an hour back home. Kopra, a NASA astronaut, has already completed one Extra-Vehicular...
Small Data: Summer petrol prices
Money & Business

Small Data: Summer petrol prices

...Energy And Climate Change's weekly petrol price dataset. The price per litre is drawn from the survey on August 1st, or the one immediately prior to August 1st, for each year. Year Price pence per litre Fuel duty pence per litre VAT rate % VAT pence per litre Fuel w/o tax or duty 2003 75.1 45.82 17.5 13.14 16.14 2004 80.87 47.1 17.5 14.15 19.62 2005 89.25 47.1 17.5 15.62...