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...becomes a factory to produce an embryo that develops into an offspring. No sperm is in the picture; instead of half the genetic material coming from a sperm and half from an egg, it all comes from a single cell. It’s diploid from the start. Long research path led to Dolly Dolly was the culmination of hundreds of cloning experiments that, for example, showed diploid...

...becomes problematic when there are more. The problems are well-recognized. For example, if you were every voter’s second choice among five candidates, you’d be doing very well, quite possibly better than any other candidate by most reasonable measures – yet you would lose. Plurality voting in fact appears to promote the emergence of two-party systems. Political...

...become rare again. Can we treat rare diseases? Very few specific treatments for rare diseases are currently available. The first examples of treatments were to replace a missing enzyme by supplying it to the body (enzyme replacement therapy for Gaucher disease in 1991). However, many of the treatments only alleviate the disease symptoms and do not treat the cause of the...